disko is your entire boot drive
Mac OS X Base System is your RecoveryHD partition.
There is also a hidden EFI partition, but it won't show unless enabled.
Since there is no MacintoshHD partition it means your GUID partition map is likely borked, along with EFI, which is why Startup Manager didn't work.
Your drive isn't dead, but it could be suffering from bad sectors that occured when you hastily shutdown and it was writing someplace and the sectors got corrupted.
Never move a hard drive while it's opertating, wait for it to completely shutdown or sleep.
Your problem can be fixed yourself most likely.
Next step?
Select disk0.
Select Erase
Move the secure erase slider to the 3x overwrite (2 spaces to the right, no further). If you have a SSD you won't see it.
Check format is GUID, OS X Extended Journaled and give it a name MacintoshHD and click Erase, go watch a movie or come back the next morning if you have boot hard drive as it will take a long time to finish, but will fix drive errors. SSD's format instantly.
Do not skip the secure erase for the hard drive or your problems will return.
Come back, if it's stuck erasing (not finishing) the hard drive is bad and needs to be replaced.
Check the Partition tap and that Option: = GUID and Format = OS X Exteneded Journaled and the name is MacintoshHD
Quit Disk Utility (your EFI and RecoveryHD partitions will be installed automatically later)
Install OS X and reboot, setup a new user and log into AppeStore and upgrade to the later OS X verison form the one installed if need be.
Connect the TimeMachine drive, use Migration Assistant to move Users and Apps from the TM drive, or better yet, install Apps from original sources and just files form the TM drive or other backup.
WARNING!
If you use Setup Assistant (appears when a new OS X is installed) or restore the entire drive from TimeMachine instead (like from IR), the corruption of yor boot drive may return in the form of corrupted backed up data!!
What happens is bad sectors on the drive corrupt data, you backed it up to TM, then fixed the bad sectors and if you restore from TM your restoring the corrupted data and your problems seem to return again.
Return just users files/accounts if possible using Migration Assistant in the Utiliies folder, this way if things screw up you can log into the original account created on the fresh install and start over by deleting the Migrated accounts.
Detta hittade jag på mac ssuppot där stog det även att om rutorna var grå så hade man inte tillräckligt med behörighet att ta bort disk 0. Hur löser man det?